Frequently asked Electronics Technical Questions and Answers

Rajeev Reddy Nareddula 12/14/2023

What is a transistor and how does it work?

A transistor is a semiconductor device that amplifies or switches electronic signals. It consists of three regions called the emitter, base, and collector. When a small voltage is applied to the base region, it controls the flow of current between the emitter and collector regions. This allows the transistor to amplify or switch electrical signals with high efficiency and low power consumption.

What is a capacitor and how does it store electrical charge?

A capacitor is an electrical component that can store electrical charge. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulator called a dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the capacitor, electrons are attracted to one plate and repelled from the other, storing electrical charge in the process. This stored charge can be released later by connecting a load to the capacitor.

What is a diode and how does it allow current to flow in one direction only?

A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only. It consists of two regions called the anode and cathode, with a thin layer of semiconductor material called the p-n junction separating them. When a voltage is applied across the diode, electrons are allowed to flow from the cathode to the anode but not in the opposite direction, due to the p-n junction's properties. This allows diodes to be used as rectifiers, which convert AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current).

What is a microcontroller and how does it control electronic devices?

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit (IC). It contains a CPU (central processing unit), memory, and input/output (I/O) ports, allowing it to control electronic devices by executing programmed instructions. Microcontrollers are commonly used in embedded systems, such as household appliances, automotive systems, and industrial equipment.

What is a printed circuit board (PCB) and how does it connect electronic components?

A printed circuit board (PCB) is a flat board made of fiberglass or other insulating material with copper traces etched onto its surface. These traces connect electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits together, allowing them to function as an integrated circuit assembly. PCBs are commonly used in electronic devices due to their compact size, high reliability, and ease of manufacture.