Frequently asked Computer IT Technical Questions and Answers

Rajeev Reddy Nareddula 12/14/2023

What is a firewall and how does it protect a computer network from unauthorized access?

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It filters out unauthorized access attempts, such as hacking attempts, by blocking traffic that does not meet the defined security criteria. Firewalls can be implemented as hardware devices, software applications, or a combination of both.

What is malware and how does it infect a computer system?

Malware (short for malicious software) is any software designed to harm a computer system, steal sensitive data, or disrupt normal operations. Malware can infect a computer system through various means, such as email attachments, infected websites, or removable media. Once installed, malware can spread rapidly through a network or the internet, causing damage to the affected systems and potentially stealing sensitive data.

What is encryption and how does it protect data?

Encryption is the process of converting plaintext (readable text) into ciphertext (unreadable text) using an algorithmic key. This process makes it difficult for unauthorized users to access sensitive data, as they would need the decryption key to reverse the encryption process. Encryption is commonly used to protect data in transit (such as online transactions) and at rest (such as data stored on a hard drive).

What is cloud computing and how does it work?

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services, such as servers, storage, databases, and software applications, over the internet to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. Cloud computing allows users to access their applications and data from anywhere with an internet connection, without the need for local hardware or infrastructure. Cloud computing services are typically provided by third-party service providers, such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

What is virtualization and how does it improve computer resource utilization?

Virtualization is the creation of virtual versions of computing resources, such as servers, storage devices, networks, and operating systems, that can be managed independently of physical hardware. Virtualization allows multiple virtual environments to run on a single physical server or device simultaneously, improving resource utilization by reducing hardware requirements and minimizing resource waste. Virtualization also enables easier management and maintenance of computing resources by allowing administrators to move virtual environments between physical servers as needed.

What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that is used for temporary storage of data that can be read from and written to. ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of computer memory that stores data that cannot be modified or erased. 

What is a CPU?

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component of a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing basic arithmetic, logical, control, and input/output (I/O) operations.

How do I secure my computer from viruses?

Install and regularly update antivirus software, regularly update your operating system and other software, avoid opening suspicious email attachments or downloading files from untrusted sources, use strong and unique passwords, and back up your important data regularly.

What is a firewall?

A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network (usually the Internet).

How do I speed up my computer?

Some ways to speed up a computer include: removing unnecessary programs and files, running a disk cleanup and defragmentation, increasing available storage space, upgrading hardware components (such as RAM or SSD), disabling unnecessary startup programs, and ensuring the computer is free of malware.

How do I connect to a Wi-Fi network?

Go to your computer's network settings, locate the available Wi-Fi networks, select the desired network, enter the correct password if required, and wait for the connection to establish.

What is the difference between a hard drive and an SSD?

A hard drive is a traditional storage device that uses spinning disks and magnetic coated surfaces to store data, while an SSD (Solid State Drive) is a newer type of storage technology that uses flash memory to store data. SSDs are generally faster, more durable, and consume less power compared to hard drives.

How do I troubleshoot a network connectivity issue?

Start by checking if the network cables are properly connected, restart the computer and networking devices, ensure the Wi-Fi or Ethernet adapter is enabled, disable and re-enable the network adapter, check firewall and antivirus settings, flush DNS cache, and perform a network reset if necessary.

What is the purpose of an IP address?

An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network. It is used for identifying and locating devices on a network and allows for communication between different devices over the Internet.

How can I improve my computer's security?

Some ways to improve computer security include using strong and unique passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, regularly updating software and security patches, using a firewall and antivirus software, avoiding suspicious websites and downloads, and regularly backing up important data.