Frequently asked Mechanical Technical Questions and Answers

Rajeev Reddy Nareddula 12/14/2023

What is a bearing and how does it reduce friction in mechanical systems?

A bearing is a mechanical component that supports the rotation of a shaft or journal by reducing friction between moving parts. Bearings are typically made of materials with low coefficients of friction, such as steel, ceramics, or plastics, and use lubrication to further reduce friction. By reducing friction, bearings improve the efficiency, reliability, and lifespan of mechanical systems.

What is a gear and how does it transmit mechanical power?

A gear is a mechanical component that transmits power from one shaft to another by meshing their teeth. Gears can be used to increase or decrease the speed or torque of a mechanical system, depending on their design. Gears are commonly used in transmissions, such as those found in cars or bicycles, to transfer power from the engine or pedals to the wheels.

What is a spring and how does it store potential energy?

A spring is a mechanical component that stores potential energy when it is compressed, stretched, or twisted. Springs are typically made of metal wire or coiled springs and can be used to provide force or resistance in mechanical systems. By storing potential energy, springs allow mechanical systems to return to their original position after being deformed, providing a source of energy for subsequent motion.

What is a valve and how does it control fluid flow in mechanical systems?

A valve is a mechanical component that regulates the flow of fluids in mechanical systems by controlling the size of an opening through which the fluid can pass. Valves can be used to control the flow rate, direction, and pressure of fluids in various applications, such as plumbing systems, engines, and industrial processes. Valves are typically operated by hand, pneumatic or hydraulic actuators, or electric motors.

What is a piston and how does it convert linear motion into rotational motion in mechanical systems?

A piston is a mechanical component that converts linear motion into rotational motion in mechanical systems by sliding back and forth inside a cylinder. Pistons are commonly used in internal combustion engines to convert the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the crankshaft, which drives the wheels of the vehicle. Pistons are also used in hydraulic cylinders to convert linear motion into linear force for various applications such as lifting heavy loads or moving machinery parts.

What is the difference between torque and horsepower?

Torque is a measure of the twisting force that an engine produces, while horsepower is a measure of how quickly work can be done. Torque affects an object's ability to start moving from a stationary position, while horsepower determines how fast an object can be moved.

What is an alternator and what does it do?

An alternator is an electrical device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is commonly used in vehicles to charge the battery and power the electrical system when the engine is running.

What is the purpose of a catalytic converter?

A catalytic converter is a device installed in the exhaust system of a vehicle to reduce the harmful emissions produced by the engine. It converts toxic gases and pollutants into less harmful compounds before they are released into the atmosphere.

What is the function of a radiator?

A radiator is a heat exchanger that helps cool the engine by dissipating heat generated during the combustion process. It uses a combination of cooling fluid (coolant) and airflow to regulate the engine's temperature.

What is the difference between front-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive?

Front-wheel drive (FWD) means that the engine's power is transmitted to the front wheels, which provide both propulsion and steering. Rear-wheel drive (RWD) means that the engine's power is transmitted to the rear wheels, providing propulsion only, while the front wheels handle the steering.

What is the purpose of a differential?

A differential is a device that allows the wheels on an axle to rotate at different speeds while transmitting power from the engine. It is necessary for smooth cornering and prevents tire wear.

How does an anti-lock braking system (ABS) work?

ABS is a safety system that prevents the wheels from locking up during braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control. It uses sensors to monitor wheel speed and modulates brake pressure to individual wheels to avoid skidding.

What is the importance of engine oil?

Engine oil lubricates the moving parts of an engine, reducing friction and preventing wear. It also helps cool the engine by absorbing heat and carrying it away. Regular oil changes are necessary to maintain proper engine performance and longevity.

What is the purpose of a transmission?

A transmission is a mechanical device that transmits power from the engine to the wheels, allowing the vehicle to change gears and transfer torque. It ensures that the engine operates within its optimal RPM range for best performance and fuel efficiency.

How does a turbocharger work?

A turbocharger is a device that increases engine power by forcing more air into the combustion chamber. It uses exhaust gas energy to spin a turbine, which drives a compressor that compresses the incoming air. This compressed air allows more fuel to be burned, resulting in increased power output.